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Prometei Botnet: Compromise of Windows Servers & Monero Mining
The Prometei botnet, linked to Russian cybercriminals, has been identified as a significant threat that compromises Windows servers. This malware installs a persistent service, steals credentials, mines Monero, and fortifies the host to block competing intruders. It employs custom XOR and RC4 encryption, communicates over clear HTTP and Tor, and retrieves additional modules through a layered 7-Zip archive. The malware relies on legitimate Windows utilities for collection and persistence.
"Prometei is a sophisticated threat that not only compromises systems but also actively works to maintain its foothold while mining cryptocurrency."
In January 2026, the eSentire Threat Response Unit discovered an infection on a Windows server in the construction sector. A malicious command sequence created an XOR key file, downloaded a Base64 payload, decrypted it using a rolling XOR routine, and installed the UPlugPlay service. Registry values stored host identifiers and encrypted keys, while outgoing HTTP GET traffic transmitted encrypted system details. Layered downloads also unpacked additional components used for mining.
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Mitigation Strategies
To mitigate the risks associated with the Prometei botnet, organizations are advised to enforce strong, unique RDP passwords, enable multi-factor authentication (MFA), disable unnecessary remote services, and implement account lockout policies. Utilizing AppLocker or Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC) can help restrict the misuse of living-off-the-land binaries (LOLBins) and block the execution of untrusted tools. It is also crucial to implement Windows Defender or a next-gen antivirus solution with custom signatures and ensure that firewall rules cannot be altered to allow unauthorized incoming access.
Response Actions
In the event of a compromise, it is essential to isolate the host, terminate the UPlugPlay service, remove associated files and registry keys, and reset compromised credentials. Organizations should scan for other infected systems, block identified IPs/domains from command and control servers (C2), and monitor for repeated process creation patterns or suspicious changes to firewall rules.
Key Takeaways
- Prometei botnet compromises Windows servers, installs persistent services, and mines Monero.
- Mitigation strategies include enforcing strong passwords, enabling MFA, and using application control tools.
- In case of infection, immediate isolation and credential resets are critical for containment.
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